One of the first questions Aboriginal people usually ask each other is Whos your mob? Menu and widgets When asked what creates their culture, what is their identity, the Ngarrindjeri have many different responses. Manage land of cultural significance to the Ngarrindjeri people, and to hold any interest in such land as trustee or otherwise on their behalf. I landed back home last night and Im suffering some wonky Europe to Australia jetlag so I thought well, why not dig up old depressing songs to serenade my quarantine neighbours into nightmares then. : This finely textured ethnography weaves written texts with the voices of women and men who struggle to protect their sacred sites. Dramatise the story as a roleplay with a reader/s, as a puppet play- Thukeri a Ngarrindjeri Dreaming story has some good costume design ideas. The word me signed in American Sign Language. and Mi:wi-inyeri Pelepi-ambi Aboriginal Corporation (MIPAAC). A descendant of these peoples, Irene Watson, has argued that the notion of Ngarrindjeri identity is a cultural construct imposed by settler colonialists, who bundled together and conflated a variety of distinct Aboriginal cultural and kinship groups into one homogenised pattern is now known as Ngarrindjeri. In 2010 he initiated the inaugural Ringbalin Murrundi Rover Spirit project, reigniting the ceremonial fires along ancient trade routes of the Darling and Murray Rivers, which is continuing as an annual arts project. [47] Many people believe that the word didgeridoo is actually an Aboriginal word when in fact the word is a made up word that loosely describes the sound that comes out of the oldest wind instrument on the planet. Rate the pronunciation difficulty of Ngarrindjeri. This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 18:55. [3], Sources disagree as to who the Ngarrindjeri were. The program is hosted at Tauondi Aboriginal College in Port Adelaide. ? of Anthropology, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000. [37], The people were sustained by the flora and fauna for food and bush medicine. more. scrum master salary california. [12] According to the map, the lands extend inland just north of Murray Bridge, receding to a 15-to-20km (9.3-to-12.4mi) wide coastal strip west of the Murray River lower lakes, but extending further inland in the south to a point near the state border at Coonawarra. Students can use the Little Explorers Picture Dictionary to look for more words that belong to word families. [28], The bunyip appears in Ngarrindjeri dreaming as a water spirit called the Mulyawonk, which would get anyone who took more than their fair share of fish from the waterways, or take children if they got too close to the water. Thanks for using the site - I hope it is useful to you! Shakealeg: This is a common slang word for Aboriginal dancing. How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia? Children sat and watched and sometimes we joined in. Noongar: Noongars (Nungas/Nungahs) are Aboriginal people from the South West of the Australian mainland. Below is a list of ngarrindjeri words - that is, words related to ngarrindjeri. They were themselves considered ngarambi and any food they caught or prepared was ngarambi to all women who were even forbidden to see or smell it. Go to the shop Go to the shop. Kungun Ngarrindjeri Yunnan (KNY . [44] Family groups could also change their lakinyeri, Berndt found that two Tangani family groups who lived close to a Yaraldi family group had picked up their dialect and were thus now considered to be Yaraldi.[46]. Today this Aboriginal group is still very strong, with . Read more about this topic: Ngarrindjeri. Information and translations of Ngarrindjeri in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The straight section of river to Peindjalong (near Tailem Bend) resulted from Pondi fleeing in fear after being speared in the tail. 2014. I had a good life - it was beautiful, 2008. Originally the most heavily populated area in Australia, a smallpox epidemic had travelled down the River Murray before colonisation by Britain, possibly killing a majority of the Ngarrindjeri. The Ngarrindjeri people are the traditional Aboriginal Australian people of the lower Murray River, eastern Fleurieu Peninsula, and the Coorong of the southern-central area of the state of South Australia.The term Ngarrindjeri means "belonging to men", and refers to a "tribal constellation". You can highlight the terms by the frequency with which they occur in the written English language using the menu below. Archaeology, particularly in excavations conducted at Roonka Flat, which affords one of the most outstanding sites for investigating "preEuropean contact Aboriginal burial populations in Australia," has revealed that the traditional territory of the Ngarrindjeri has been inhabited since the Holocene period, beginning around 8,000 B.C. Mob can mean my family or my tribal group. Local Government Centre mosaic sculpture which tells the Ngarrindjeri Dreamtime story of how the River Murray was created. Some of the most well known Aboriginal words for hello are: Kaya, which means hello in the Noongar language. Lets start with words that identify different groups of Aboriginal people. Words and music. Menu en widgets. Continue Reading Check Writing Quality The word Coorong is an . Words include: pack, back, rack, jack, snack, and black. The lakinyerar in turn comprised 77 clan (family) groups in the 1930s, each with its own distinct dialect. You can find out the 10 most widely spoken Aboriginal languages in Australia here. Murri: Murris (or Murry) are Aboriginal people from Queensland & Far Northern NSW. Throughout this booklet, Aboriginal cultural information is shaded in green and words from the Ngarrindjeri and Kaurna language groups are highlighted in different colours. Illustrated with Black and White Photographs. It took place in the Adelaide home she shared with her youngest son's family.30 The Ngarrindjeri are a South Australian Aboriginal nation, comprising several peoples with a common language, whose land and waters (yarluwar-ruwe) take in the River Murray, Lakes Alexandrina and Albert, the vast Coorong wetlands, and the Southern Ocean coast. Dieri, Parnkalla and Kaurna were well documented by missionaries, but little is known about a number of others, such as Peramangk from the Adelaide Hills. Some species were clustered together under a single term, while others had separate gender-specific names. Hence, in 2003 the Ngarrindjeri Dictionary Project was born. There is a reasonably large corpus of literature in the Ngarrindjeri language. This book has been created through the Indigenous Advancement Strategy "Together Our Children Su. [5], In 1864, the publication of the Ngarrindjerri Bible was the first time portions of the Bible were translated into an Aboriginal language. Then in the mid 1990s some schools started teaching Ngarrindjeri, but still it was putting words into English sentences. Ngarrindjeri elder Phyllis Williams has been collaborating with linguist Mary-Anne Gale for many years, teaching the language to adults and developing resources to aid language revival. ngarrindjeri word for familywilliam paterson university application fee waiver. As Tom would say they needed, 'to have proper, respectful, full honours funerals, because they were disturbed.' The ngarrindjeri people had a distinct and unique culture, they had their own language and did not share any common words with the neighbouring tribes, this is thought to be because they did not have a great relationship with their neighboring tribes. Grade Preschool, Kindergarten. This is a widely accepted name for a language in South Australia, but Berndt and Berndt say the term Narrinyeri (S69) was introduced by Taplin; it was not a term used by speakers (1993:19). The Ngarrindjeri actually comprised several distinct if closely related tribal groups, including the Jarildekald, Tanganekald, Meintangk and Ramindjeri,[2] who began to form a unified cultural bloc after remnants of each separate community congregated at Raukkan, South Australia (formerly Point McLeay Mission). ngarrindjeri word for familyups insurance cost calculator. The program is hosted at Tauondi Aboriginal College in Port Adelaide. Norman Tindale and Ronald Murray Berndt in particular were critical both of Taplin and of each other's reevaluation of the evidence. and Sumner, Allan. A dictionary and a picture dictionary are currently under production. They have similar or common features or patterns. When Tjilbruki sat . So although you might see some synonyms of ngarrindjeri in the list below, many of the words below will have other relationships with ngarrindjeri - you could see a word with the exact opposite meaning in the word list, for example. Jul 15th, 2021 Published. Several of these are also used as names for the lakinyerar. About the Authors 138. Do you feel deadly knowing all these new words or are you still worried some bunjis will say youre gammon? The lands include both of the Murray lower lakes, Lake Alexandrina and Lake Albert. Share our culture, listen to our stories, connect with our people.. . [36] In the early years of the colony, Ngarrindjeri would volunteer to catch fish for the "white fellow men". The extended family groups of the Adelaide Plains, who spoke dialects of a common language, were named according to locality, such as Kawanda Meyunna . Tom Trevorrow took his responsibility for . The eclectic writings of David Unaipon, recently republished in his own name (Unaipon, 2001) incorporate many Ngarrindjeri words within the English text. and Amery-Gale, Jemima. A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken by the Ngarrindjeri people. The Ngarrindjeri people: Aboriginal people of the River Murray, Lakes and Coorong, 1990. He serves as a Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority board member, as a board member of Black Dance Australia, and as the artistic director of the Tal Kin Jeri dance group. The aim is to make searches for words in the Ngarrindjeri language and their English meanings a relatively painless 2 A couple of dedicated teachers such as Greg Albrecht . Poltpalingada Booboorowie (Tommy Walker), a popular Adelaide personality in the 1890s. We hope that this will be a useful resource for schools and educational organisations to learn 50 words in their local languages, and for the general public to discover the diversity of languages around Australia. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Ngarrindjeri Nation: Genealogies of Ngarrindjeri families by Doreen Kartinyeri (Paperback, 2006) at the best online prices at eBay! Welcome to country and Acknowledgement of country, This City Council is sowing the seeds of reconciliation, Nivea refuses to back down over undeniably racist advertisement, Media Blackout after Leonardo DiCaprio supports Indigenous protests in Canberra, No Idea: Australian TV show flies Aboriginal flag upside down, 10 Indigenous statues that Australia desperately needs, Media silence: NT Govt caught stealing $2 billion from Indigenous budget, Outrage after Aboriginal man left in chains while on life support. The stories conveyed practical messages to ensure long-term survival of the Ngarrindjeri, embodying care for country and its people. Doori: Sex! Cockles or "kuti" have been a staple in the diet of Ngarrindjeri families for tens of thousands of years, and now they are getting involved in the business of shuffling for the in-demand . [38], A wide range of foods were subject to ngarambi (taboo) prohibitions. Other linguistic data gleaned since has enabled the compilation of a modern Ngarrindjeri dictionary containing 3,700 items. They have presented a development and management plan to preserve and develop the site as a memorial and an educational aid to reconciliation. , That's about all the ngarrindjeri related words we've got! (He did the biggest goona you've ever seen). Ngarrindjeri nation sea country plan: caring for Ngarrindjeri country and culture, 2007. When Poonindie mission closed the government relocated Aboriginal families, undoubtedly against their wishes, to other missions- Point Pearce mission on Yorke Peninsula with the Narrunga people and Point McLeay mission on the Coorong with the Ngarrindjeri people. Unfortunately, your shopping bag is empty. MINT - a NEW copy. The term Ngarrindjeri means "belonging to men",[1] and refers to a "tribal constellation". They can be shaped with flat heads as pictured or with a rounded head. The dictionary defines family in several ways. Other more traditional words used to describe white people include migaloo & wadjela. Each clan's tendi in turn would convene to elect a rupulli, or chieftain of the entire Ngarrindjeri confederacy. [17], The Ngarrindjeri achieved a great deal of publicity in the 1990s due to their opposition to the construction of a bridge from Goolwa to Hindmarsh Island, which resulted in a Royal Commission and a High Court case in 1996. Deadly: Is not an Aboriginal word however it has taken its own meaning among Aboriginal society. 1 Page Worksheet. You can get the definition (s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. He is constantly reminding his audience to consider that Ngarrindjeri culture is a living culture, spanning thousands of years. In 2011, Major Moogy Sumner crafted the first Ngarrindjeri bark canoe [Moogys Yuki] on Ngarrindjeri/ Boandik country in South East SA since over 100 years, reconnecting his communities with the traditional art of canoe-building, while using a high-tech cherry picker to get up the tree. At that time the river was only a small stream, below the junction with the Darling River. Elders taught children about the stars, the land, food, plants, medicinal plants, the ways to hunt and gather their foods and their knowledge of family history. "A lot of the time we're teaching the mums as well,'' says Ros, a family . This interconnection is fundamental to wellbeing and it is for this reason that healthy lands and waters are critical to healthy Ngarrindjeri people and culture. George Taplin and his work on Aboriginal languages". [3], Tanganekald, also known as Thangal,[4] is now extinct. 1 Page. Oblong Small Quarto Size [approx 24cm x 17.5cm]. Unna: Chances are that if you live in Western Australia you have heard the word unna, Unna? Timmerman / Interieurbouwer. Before colonisation, there were extensive swamps and woodlands on the Fleurieu Peninsula, which provided habitat and food sources for a range of birds, fish, and other animals, included snake-necked turtles, yabbies, rakali, ducks and black swans. Variations of this name are also used in areas of South Australia too. Most likely, it is an exonym introduced from the Ramindjeri or Ngarrindjeri word kornar meaning "men" or "people". Ngarrindjeri and KEYWORDS modern European Australian classication systems for birds were Birds; Aboriginal Australia; structurally dierent. Around 22km (14mi) further down the river was Tagalang (Tailem Bend), a traditional trading camp where lakinyeri would gather to trade ochre, weapons and clothing. Palya is a Pintupi language word used as a greeting much in the same way that two friends would say hello in English while Yaama is a Gamilaraay language word for hello used in Northern NSW. Ngarrindjerri is PamaNyungan. 2004. Topics Word Families, Reading. Ngarrindjeri, also written Narrinyeri, Ngarinyeri and other variants, is the language of the Ngarrindjeri and related peoples of southern South Australia. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. The body was then called grinkari, a term that they used to refer to the Europeans in the first years of settlement. Suggested Use: Introduce the word family by reading the title page (bottom right corner) . Print a matching game, a reading slider, a word wheel, flashcards, and a mini-book to help students learn to read words in the -ack word family. In Ngarrindjeri Nation Kartinyeri provides a genealogy of Aboriginal families, and those with long-term historic links, who have descended from Ngarrindjeri people. Ngarrindjeri elders then led a symbolic walk across the bridge. Now how many Aboriginal languages can you name. Ngurunderi cut up Pondi at Raukkan, throwing the pieces into the water, where each piece became a species of fish. In 2004 - 2005 a Draft school language curriculum was compiled comprising Ngarrindjeri words, with minimal grammar. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Some bird species were ngarambi because they were the spirits of people who had died. Some bird species considered to act cruelly to other animals were ngarambi and magpies were because they warned other birds to flee if any were killed. Ngarrindjeri Miminar Gathering, October 2-4, 2007 105. AN Word Family List. This includes 7 Aboriginal languages. All 18 lakinyeri (tribes) would meet there for corroborees. [16], The Yaralde had the southernmost attested Australian Aboriginal sign language. The Ngarrindjeri and their supporters took the decision as a vindication, and many organisations subsequently apologised. Dit is iets wat onder Aborigines nauwelijks voorkomt. . Words from word ngarrindjeri; Solve Anagram / Word Unscrambler. Learn about Aboriginal culture. DownloadFREE Worksheet. Ngarrindjeri word under one entry, so that every representation of that word can be easily compared. /i/ when preceding retroflex consonant, can be heard as central [], /u/ when occurring after a trill consonant in closed syllables can be heard as central []. Other foods were ngarambi but had no supernatural sanctions and these relied on attitudes to the species. (Lookout doing a shakealeg with a laplap on, ya budoo might come out). has something to do with ngarrindjeri, then it's obviously a good idea to use concepts or words to do with ngarrindjeri. It was claimed by colonists that the nets they made for fishing were superior to those used by Europeans. what day does pilot flying j pay; western power distribution. Poems About The American Dream Dying, His work spans performance, traditional dance and song, cultural advice, and arts and crafts, such as wood carving, and martial arts techniques using his handcrafted traditional shields, clubs, boomerangs and spears. A new Ngarrindjeri language dictionary has been published. I had a good life - it was beautiful, 2008. University of Sydney. General Index 132. "A world that was: the Yaraldi of the Murray River and the lakes, South Australia" By Ronald Murray Berndt, Catherine Helen Berndt, John E. Stanton Chapter "1 The land and the people p19, "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)", Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. The Ngarrindjeri people are the traditional Aboriginal Australian people of the lower Murray River, eastern Fleurieu Peninsula, and the Coorong of the southern-central area of the state of South Australia. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Funeral rites and cultural practices were disrupted, family groups merged and land use became altered. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. The frequency data is extracted from the English Wikipedia corpus, and updated regularly. Yallop, Colin & Grimwade, George (1975). 11 were here. Some species were clustered together under . Protect areas of special significance to the Ngarrindjeri people. Hat Club Beer Pack Brewers, After going through this Aboriginal word list and practicing some of these words, you should be feeling a little bit more comfortable communicating with Aboriginal people in Australia. De Ngarrindjeri is een volk in Australi. On 7 July 2010, in a ceremony at the foot of the bridge, the Government of South Australia endorsed the finding that "Secret Women's Business" was genuine. Figure 1.6 Family knowledge tree showing supervisory relationships and dissemination of 'Ngarrindjeri knowledge' related to this thesis. Indigenous South Australians also identify as A n angu, Nharla, Yura or Nunga, the Indigenous words for 'Aboriginal person' in the north-west, western Lake Eyre Basin, Flinders Ranges and southern settled areas of the state respectively. His hair was grey and black and seemed to resemble (somewhat comically) a classic Elvis Presley cut. [32], Each of the eighteen lakinyeri had their own specific funeral customs; some smoke dried bodies before being placed in trees, on platforms, in rock shelters or buried depending on local custom. Other names include Jarildekald, Jaralde, Yarilde, Yarrildie, Jaraldi, Lakalinyeri, Warawalde, Yalawarre, Yarildewallin (although as mentioned above, Yaraldi is regarded as a dialect[2]). James Unaipon, first Aboriginal deacon. Other names include hairy man and bungaree. The 50 words project aims to provide fifty words in every Indigenous language of Australia. This project has been assisted by the Australian Government through the Australia Council for the Arts, its arts funding and advisory body, and by the South Australian Government through Arts SA. This book has been created through the Indigenous Advancement Strategy "Together Our Children Su. There were eighteen Ngarrindjeri "tribes" known as Lakinyeri, each occupying a distinct area of land ( ruwe ). In fleeing, Pondi created the River Murray, and contiguous lagoons from its flailing tail. Country of Publication Australia. and Ninkowar Inc. and . Nulla Nulla: Also known as a deadly 7 or a hunting boomerang is a long carved piece of wood that is shaped like the number 7. The Berndts identified the Kukabrak as dwelling in the Lower Murray, Lakes and coastal areas (, Taplin's original list may be examined in, Taplin glosses the meaning of this term as "friend". Cultural activities . , letters patent establishing the province of south australia. Ngarrindjeri people, for instance, also identify as Yaralde, Tangane, Thangal or Ngarrindjeri, among others. However, the term Narrinyeri has been used consistently in the literature and by Aborigines today who recognise a common descent from original inhabitants of this region-- even though their traditional identifying labels have been lost.". In the Dreaming, Ngurunderi travelled down the Murray River in a bark canoe, in search of his two wives who had run away from him. Some family groups banned eating them, some could eat them only if they had been caught by members of another family group and some had no restrictions. Ngarrindjeri is now being taught at Murray Bridge High School, Murray Bridge North JP, Raukkan Aboriginal . [] as an initiative to celebrate and communicate the strength, ambition and success of Indigenous women. [15]:198 Zuckermann analyses this phenomenon as over-applied, hypercorrect "emblematicity" due to Othering: the Ngarrindjeri revivalists are trying to define themselves vis--vis the "Other", distancing themselves from "the colonizers' mother tongue, Australian English" (even at the expense of losing one of their own original rhotics). Unlike the rest of Australia, the A mid sound // can also be heard in various syllabic positions. [6] The word family units below contain printable word wheels, flashcards, word sliders, worksheets, and more. Read the other words with your child. kathleentaylormedia, melancholy queen of the ash hello, fear, https://www.welcometocountry.org/26-aboriginal-words-australians-should-know/. In 1830 the first exploratory expedition reached the Ngarrindjeri lands and Charles Sturt noted that the people were already familiar with firearms.[14]. proper. Ponawi is a Ngarrindjeri word for 'death. Ngarrindjeri Heritage. You can find out the 10 most widely spoken Aboriginal languages in Australia here. Lion Of Judah Motivational Videos, "Notes on the sign-language of the Jaralde tribe of the Lower River Murray, South Australia". Quote: Ngarrindjeri Ratalang Cultural Heritage Plan. Ngarrindjeri. Name Index 126. Please note the list below has been compiled from the 2021 Department for Education census data and supplemented with additional information supplied by schools. Word families ! Hoewel de heiligste rituelen aan de mannen waren . [18], Now known as the Murray Bridge Railway Precinct and Hume Reserve, the Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority seeks the renaming of Hume Reserve to Karloan Ponggi Reserve (after Albert Karloan) in honour of the old people who fought to retain the old ways. Below is a massive list of kaurna words - that is, words related to kaurna. and Burton, Luke. The multi-purpose curved wooden tray can be used for carrying infants, food, digging and for burning leaves during smoking/cleansing ceremonies. 3/The "It's not a dad bod. 2. the language of this people . The Ngarrindjeri people made up a song about the first steam train they saw. McDonald (2002) distinguishes five dialects: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi. Figure 1.6 Family knowledge tree showing supervisory relationships and dissemination of 'Ngarrindjeri knowledge' related to this thesis. [35] This effectively guaranteed the land rights of Aboriginal people under force of law; however, this was interpreted by the colonists as simply meaning Aboriginal peoples could not be dispossessed of sites they permanently occupied. There was no mention of Thukabi in the anthropological record and this example was later used as evidence for the survival of Ngarrindjeri stories that were unknown to anthropologists in support of the secret women's business. Some placed bodies in trees and collect the fallen bones for burial. 'Kurangk'(meaning 'long narrow neck') is the Ngarrindjeri word for Coorong. They also built the family hut. Now replace the word yeah with unna. light blockers for blinds bunnings; black and white fallacy examples in commercials; what scope do marine snipers use; does squat and cough work; ngarrindjeri word for family Information and translations of Ngarrindjeri in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Tindale worked with Clarence Long (a Tangani man) while the Berndts worked with Albert Karloan (a Yaraldi man). Lets take a look at some of the most commonly used words by Aboriginal people in Australia. Easy. Goona:Poo! Rankine, Harriet. [12], The musical group Deadly Nannas (Nragi Muthar) have been writing and singing songs in Ngarrindjerri and English, and using them to help teach the language in schools and other venues. He is constantly reminding his audience to . This word is rarely uttered because of its meaning, and in the Indigenous community, the passing of many Elders affects the whole community. p.s. Improve the economic opportunities of the Ngarrindjeri people. (123 votes) Very easy. Adamant that only death would separate him from his land, Karloan travelled to Adelaide to seek help, but returned to his former home in Pomberuk on 2 February 1943. Ngarrindjeri people, for instance, also identify as Yaralde, Tangane, Thangal . Elvis Challenge Sandwich Kansas City, The Word Family Mini Booklets are one page sheets that have six words from the same word family with corresponding pictures. McDonald (2002:11) notes that this term is now firmly established in the minds of the Ngarrindjeri people. Cooee: Is actually a widely used Aboriginal word that is often unknowingly used by non Indigenous people. The Ngarrindjeri are a nation of eighteen "tribes" consisting of numerous family clans who speak similar dialects of the Ngarrindjeri language and are the traditional Aboriginal people of the lower Murray . Such Ngarrindjeri words and expressions are used in everyday Nunga speech as a secret code that just Nungas understand. Australian English dictionary. Este sitio web utiliza cookies y, al acceder a l, confirmas que has ledo nuestro Aviso de privacidad y cookies. Have your child color and cut out the pages along the dotted lines. [33] In fact, one of the major problems encountered by Europeans was the determination of the Ngarrindjeri to rebuild their camps on land claimed for grazing. What if an overseas tourist asked you how to say hello using an Aboriginal word; Would you have an answer? [39], According to Taplin, there were eighteen territorial clans or lakalinyeri that constituted the Ngarrindjeri "confederacy" or "nation", each of which was administered by about a dozen elders (tendi). A new Ngarrindjeri language dictionary has been published. Many Aboriginal languages and dialects are extinct and others are endangered because of few surviving speakers. [8], Later ethnographers and anthropologists have disagreed with Taplin's construction of the tribal federation of 18 lakinyeri (clans). (ABC News: Gabriella Marchant) Ngarrindjeri woman Pauline Ngopamaldi Walker is a graduate of Adelaide training provider Time Education and Training's first certificate to be specially tailored to Aboriginal language teaching.. After hearing that the Aboriginal settlement was to be cleared, Ronald and his wife Catherine Berndt, who were researching Aboriginal culture in the area, approached the last Chief Protector of Aborigines, William Penhall, and obtained a verbal promise that the clearance would not proceed as long as the senior Ngarrindjeri elder, 78-year-old Albert Karloan (Karloan Ponggi), was living.
Bobcat 763 Traction Lock Solenoid Location,
30 Day Extended Weather Forecast Nyc,
Bakersfield Daily Crime Reports,
Payson, Az Police Reports,
Articles N