mike martz offense scheme

He was sacked 75 times in 25 games while playing in it. Michael Thomas will also be due for a heavy workload when he returns. "[19] Back then, defenses would cover Winslow with a strong safety or a linebacker, as zone defenses were not as popular. Mike Martz Offense Explanation. Whereas most offenses used the pass play to pick up bigger chunks of yards than a run play could in necessary situations, such as third and long, Coryell began to use the pass as the primary method of moving the ball. Mike Martz | American Football Wiki | Fandom Rumor is LaFleur may allow Hackett to call plays but says there will be not much of a difference if he does. It often uses single RB sets with a big-bodied, power back. Jarvis Landry led the team with 101 targets last year over 15 games. The West Coast Offense (WCO) was made popular by Bill Walsh and Joe Montana in San Francisco. T.J. Hockenson and D'Andre Swift appear to be the most likely to establish reliable, upper-tier fantasy value, while Jamaal Williams and Perriman may provide serviceable spike weeks in Best Ball. Lazor ran above average 13, 02, 01 last year. Mike McCarthy on new scheme: 'We'll build this thing around' Dak Personnel Preferences: The Raiders used the 7th least amount of 11 personnel in 2020 at 50%. His offense utilizes multiple formations to run the same play concept, features quick throws (often to the slot receivers or tight ends), attempts to get players into space, and the running game uses mostly Gap run-blocking concepts. Coryells offense and its basic philosophies have become commonplace in the NFL and several coaches throughout time have created their own versions of it. Romans offense wants to outnumber the defense up front and get the blockers into angles that allow huge holes to open up for whoever carries the ball. Kamara is entering his age 26 season and has effectively 2yrs remaining on his contract before he becomes a cap relief to cut. Martz was a stubborn coach who was slow to adjust two years in a row. Additional Notes: Ryan Tannehill could have more Pass Attempts this year than he did in 2020 because of the likely shift to more 11 which could lead to more early-down passes. The system itself does not force a tendency, it's more based on concepts than a style of play. These are meant to be brief descriptions but you can research any of them further, as I am not an expert when it comes to the X's and O's of the game. Rhamondre Stevenson could be a nice in-season pick-up if Harris misses any time. Personnel Preferences: Personnel is usually 11 unless in short-yardage or. [12] Coryell's offense had more progressions than Gillman's, with backup options for screen passes and underneath routes.[16]. Kelly tilts pass heavy (3, Additional Notes: Deshaun Watson had 10 games of 300+ passing yards and 11 games of 25+ rush yards in 2020. Personnel Preferences: CIN used 11 personnel more than any team last year, using it on 76% of their plays. Scheme: Lombardi will shape the offense around Herberts skill-set and use PA and a zone run game. Sounds like a Saints passing game (Erhardt-Perkins) and a 49ers running game (Wide-Zone) is their model. San Diego won 3 straight AFC West division titles, from 2007-2009. With better QB play and potential for Mooney to ascend, that percentage could drop back below 20% this year with Nagy taking back play-calling duties The OL has new starters at the tackle positions (a rookie LT and a free agent RT). Returning to the city of San Diego, where Coryells offense originally began, the style of play had become known as the West Coast offense by coaches and players alike due to it being created in San Diego. 1. Gibbs also coached the Redskins from 2004-2007, but was unable to duplicate the success he enjoyed during his first term in Washington. Likely to play a lot of 11 and 12 personnel, using PA, motion, jet sweeps, and quick/shorter/timing throws in passing game, and usage of zone blocking schemes in the run game (unless the OL personnel is seen as a better fit for gap schemes). No Eagle topped 80 targets last year in their disaster of a season. Play Caller/Tenure: Sean Payton (HC): 14yrs as NO HC/play-caller (majority of seasons calling plays); 17 yrs as an OC/HC. Evaluating NFC North quarterbacks for . Big news, our FantasyData 2021 NFL Draft Kit is FREE this year for all our Premium and Premium Plus subscribers. During his time with the Chargers, Turner's system helped quarterback Philip Rivers set new franchise records for single-season quarterback rating and touchdown passes in 2008. Martz became the Rams head coach and after five years was fired, at which point he became the offensive coordinator for the Detroit Lions under Rod Marinelli, where he coached quarterback Jon Kitna. Damien Harris and James White are also worth drafting with Burkhead gone to Houston. However, the Walsh offense wanted to use quick, short passes as a partial substitute for a traditional running game. [6] It was easier to read the coverage before the snap than afterwards due to the pass rush. [12] Coryell expanded on those principles by putting receivers in motion. Coryell also asked his tight ends to run routes that receivers usually run, as opposed to the dig and hitch routes most tight ends exclusively ran. They would also like to run the ball more than the 411 times they did last year. Elijah Moore could have the rookie connection narrative with Wilson. Cowboys rumors: No progress towards Leighton Vander Esch deal, Donovan Wilson deal unlikely. [29] Martz continued learning the offense in the mid-90s as the quarterbacks coach of the Washington Redskins, working under the tutelage of head coach Norv Turner.[30]. Mike Shanahan The offense used by Mike Shanahan in Denver and later Washington has evolved and become all the rage in the NFL today. Please enter a valid email and try again. For example, one of Coryells closest coaching assistants was Ernie Zampese, who coached at San Diego State and later with the Chargers under Coryell, holding a variety of roles that included being the offensive coordinator. Sure the team had a lot of success, going 17-8 during that run but it took a physical toll on the quarterback. Zeke looks quicker and Tony Pollard getting reps as a receiver. The 33rd Team. As a head coach in the NFL Martz was 56-36 in 5 seasons as the St. Louis Rams head coach. Jay Cutler made it clear he didn't hate Martz the person. Odds & lines subject to change. Please consider using one of our preferred browsers to enjoy an optimal experience. Coryell not only placed wide receivers in motion, he did so with tight ends and running backs as well. Arthur Smith ran ZBS on 67% of plays in Tennessee. Shanahan's offense hands the ball off and creates the space as the ball carrier advances toward the sideline until they find the openning. Gibbs served as head coach of the Washington Redskins from 1981-1992, and during that time, he won three Super Bowls with a Coryell offense. After Coryell arrived in the NFL from jobs with college football teams, he set the league on its ear with his passing offenses. Mike Martz Is The Bears' New Offensive Coordinator Play Caller/Tenure: Kevin Stefanski (HC) - 1yr with CLE as HC/Play-Caller; 1yr (and 3 games) as an OC with MIN. When not geeking out on Fantasy Football, Jess can be found hiking, kayaking, swimming, playing tabletop games, cooking, trading equities, listening to good tunes and/or enjoying a craft brew or two. Mostly inside and outside zone run plays with gap and duo mixed in. [24] Turner's take on the Coryell system turned around the career of Hall of Fame QB Troy Aikman, and has also proven to be very successful with talented high draft picks struggling with the complexities of the NFL, such as Alex Smith. Ex-Seahawks fall into NFL topics. Additional Notes: The offense has ranked in the top 5 in Passing Yards and Passing TDs during Bienemys OC years. Last but not least, Connor Rogers of NBC Sports reiterates the "plug-and-play" tag, with Pro Football Focus giving him a 92.3 overall grade in his final collegiate season, predicting that . Scheme: The scheme is closer to a traditional WCO than other WCO in the league but Gruden called more deep shots LY. The Shanahan offense is derived from the West Coast offense made famous by Bill Walsh. Jackson, Kelley, Roundtree will fight for scraps. The spread volume is going to make it difficult for any pass-catcher to be a league winner. Martz bought the media hype that he revolutionized the NFL with . The Turner strain of Coryell offenses are still very reliant on a good receiving TE. Discuss any and all NFL-related topics. Turner's offense also had a potent passing game, which featured multiple-time Pro Bowl TE Antonio Gates. Additional Notes: NE was top-3 in Rush Attempts in 3 out of last 5 years with a ranking of 9th and 11th in the other two years. Additional Notes: Last year MIA was ranked 18 in Pass Attempts per game and 19. Over the last 2 years, McVay has gradually shifted run blocking schemes to more gap and trap concepts, although Zone is still used 54% of the time. ", "What Makes Norv Turner's Air Coryell System Go? The OL replaces Riley Reiff with 1. If Dan Quinns defense is better than Nolans (which it should), then it could slow the offense a shade, as they will not be playing out of desperation all game. Play Caller/Tenure: Pat Shurmur (OC) - 1yr as DEN OC, 12yrs as OC/HC. Too long the fans have suffered the wrath of Ron Turner and the dink and dunk offense that he wanted to instill in the Bears scheme. Stefanski utilizes a run-heavy scheme that uses Zone and Gap concepts evenly. Play Caller/Tenure: Joe Brady (OC) - 1yr as CAR OC; previous NFL experience was as an Offensive Assistant in NO (2017-18). Terms at draftkings.com/sportsbook. Play Caller/Tenure: Tim Kelly (OC) - 2 years as OC with HOU, 7 years with the team overall. QBs generally took snaps from under center to allow for more effective use of the play action pass. Martz did modify his scheme at Cutler's behest and the offense did very, very well without a true #1 receiver (or #2 for that matter) on the team. The offense is an Erhardt-Perkins style that is aggressive and vertical, at times abandoning the run game. 2023 NFL Combine: Defensive Back, Special Teams Weigh-in Results Your web browser appears to be outdated. Coryells offense began in the college ranks when he was the head coach at San Diego State, where he coached from 1961 to 1972. One can understand why Cutler hated Martz's offense so much. The fact that the quarterback was not allowed to call audibles at the line of scrimmage compounded the scheme's liabilities. Its been reported that they are using some concepts from the Erhardt-Perkins offense, but much of that is likely centered around terminology more than underlying philosophy. TE is a weakness for JAX. [6] The passing game was based on timing and rhythm, and coaching the system required a lot of repetition. This was at a time where it was uncommon to use three wide receiver sets. Following the Rams 23-16 win in Super Bowl XXXIV against the Tennessee Titans, Dick Vermeil retired and Vermeil's Offensive Coordinator Mike Martz was promoted. Run blocking utilizes multiple schemes (Zone, Gap, Duo). Mike Martz Offense Explanation - Seahawks So we threw the hell out of the ball and won some games. His passing game is up-tempo, with pre-snap motion, and play action. Marc Bulger for no gain. Run concepts are split evenly between zone and gap schemes. Mike Martz switches to positive outlook on Fields The use of 12 personnel was 10% higher than the league average at 30%. Play Caller/Tenure: Zac Taylor (Head Coach) - 2yrs with CIN as an HC/Play-Caller; previous experience was calling plays for Miami for a month after Bill Lazor was fired. The Coryell offense uses three key weapons. The first is a strong inside running game, the second is its ability to strike deep with two or more receivers on any play, and the third is to not only use those two attacks in cooperation with each other, but to include a great deal of mid-range passing to a TE, WR, or back. He could line up unpredictably in any formation from a three-point stance as a blocker to a two-point stance or being in motion as a receiver. The WR group is somewhat mediocre and muddled due to no standouts, although Jakobi Meyers could ascend to the front of the pack. Bill Parcels was one of the early adopters of this offense and one of the Parcels' tree branches was Bill Belichick who adopted the system and began to enhance it with Charlie Weis in the early 2000s and grew it even further with Josh McDaniels and the current Patriots teams. "You cannot imagine how blistering the critics were, it was like we defamed the pope" offensive coordinator Mike Martz says. Can someone point me to a website or article that breaks down Mike Martz offensive philosophy from and X's and O's perspective? It has been noted that Tom Brady was calling the plays for long stretches last year. 2008. They used 10 personnel on 47 plays (5%) which was the 4. Stretch: RB will align at depth of 8-yards 3. Play Caller/Tenure: Jon Gruden (HC) - 3yrs with Raiders; 17yrs as an OC/HC. Also at this time was the implementation of the Mel Blount rule, which established that defenders couldnt contact eligible receivers past five yards from the line of scrimmage. Charles Clay (a TE) led the team in targets with 87, followed by Woods (76), Goodwin (68), McCoy (57), and Watkins (52 thru 8 games). [8] Coryell's Chargers teams led the league in passing in seven of eight years. And there were a lot of kids in Southern California passing and catching the ball. Additional Notes: Possible rookie QB starter with rookie Head Coach/scheme. Michael Martz (born May 13, 1951) is a former NFL head coach and currently the offensive coordinator for the National Football League's Chicago Bears. Personnel Preferences: Pittsburgh ran the second-highest rate of 11 personnel (75%) in the NFL last year and added another 5% using 10 personnel. Draw: No.2 will align will align with an wide split 2. WR Tyrell Williams is familiar with Lynn from SD/LAC days. In addition to those routes, Coryell sent his three remaining skill players out into the intermediate areas to function as the checkdown options, as the first two reads were always deep shots. The Dallas Cowboys parted ways with Kellen Moore this offseason and head coach Mike McCarthy didn't mince words on the issues he had with his ex-offensive coordinator.. McCarthy is set to take . Hines role is secure as the pass-catching back. Meanwhile, Vermeil came out of retirement to coach the Kansas City Chiefs from 2001-2005. LANGUAGE: PG-13. The pro set features a tight end, two wide receivers, a halfback, and a fullback, often split behind the quarterback. [7] Coryell moved to the Chargers and reached the playoffs in four consecutive seasons that included three straight division titles (19791982). People talk about the West Coast offense, but Don started the 'West Coast' decades ago and kept updating it. OL returns all 5 starters. The offense used by Mike Shanahan in Denver and later Washington has evolved and become all the rage in the NFL today. However, it was Gary Kubiak's offense that he seems to have latched onto the most. [15] Throwing a deep pass was the first option on each play. Subsequently, Coryell's offense scheme was referred to as "Air Coryell"the name announcers had assigned to his high powered Charger offenses in San Diego, featuring 3 Hall of Famers in QB Dan Fouts, WR Charlie Joiner, & TE Kellen Winslow,[25] as well as Pro Bowl WR Wes Chandler & HB Chuck Muncie. Saints have traditionally run a very concentrated offense, making Kamara and Thomas priority plays and Trautman and Taysom are solid speculative plays. As a head coach in the NFL Martz was 56-36 in 5 seasons as the St. Louis Rams head coach. Play Caller/Tenure: Eric Bienemy (OC) - 3yrs as KC and NFL OC; 8yrs total with KC. AZ, CO, CT, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, (select parishes), MD, MI, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OR, PA, TN, VA, WV, WY, CA-ONT only.Eligibility restrictions apply. Additional Notes: Baker Mayfield had a career-high QBR and Air Yards per Attempt last year with the lowest interception rate of his career. Martz is best known as the offensive coordinator behind the St. Louis Rams high-powered 1999 team that won the Super Bowl. On Friday, it was the defensive backs' turn, as the 59 invitees in attendance went through measurements before some took the field for on . The Chargers led the league in passing yards an NFL record six consecutive years from 1978 to 1983[2] and again in 1985. With the lack of playmakers available, it would seem likely Payton designs a lot of different looks for Kamara to get the ball. With the new defensive rules limiting contact to near the line of scrimmage, receivers in motion would be virtually impossible to jam. Play Caller/Tenure: George Godsey & Eric Studesville (Co-Offensive Coordinators) - Godsey 3yrs w MIA, will be 1. Play Caller/Tenure: Frank Reich (HC) - 3yrs with IND as an HC/Play Caller; 7yrs as an OC. Mike Martz: 3 Quarterbacks That Could Handle Martz's Offense and Additional Notes: San Franciscoruns the clock down (30, Play Caller/Tenure: Shane Waldron (OC) - 1. 'I want to run the damn ball': Mike McCarthy outlines surprising vision Additional Notes: Offseason reports indicate the offense might use a quick tempo but that may not mean a faster pace of play. It does not insist on size at wide receiver or halfback like the Turner variant and as such has difficulties in short yardage and red zone situations. Scheme: Klint's dad is Gary Kubiak (from the Mike Shanahan WCO tree), so the offense should resemble his in some fashion. Saunders's scheme is a more sound variant than Martz's scheme, offering a little more blocking and more run support for the quarterback. Saunders only went 17-22 in 2 1/2 years as a head coach. It has often been said by many that there are three basic offensive schemes: the West Coast offense, the Erhardt-Perkins offense, and the Air Coryell offense. Outside zone runs and PA bootlegs were a staple last year with Lazor calling plays, but if they go shotgun spread this year, the inside zone should return (what Nagy called in 2019). Play Caller/Tenure: Sean McVay (HC) - 4yrs as LAR HC/Play-Caller; 7yrs as an OC; 6yrs as a Play-Caller. Play Caller/Tenure: Matt LaFleur (HC) - 2yrs as GB HC and play-caller; 4yrs total as an OC; 3yrs total as a play-caller. Personnel is often a 2 back set with either 2 TEs and 1 WR, or 2 WRs and 1 TE. The previous year under Gruden, his RBs averaged 27.9% target share. Personnel Preferences: Personnel usage was pretty balanced compared to league averages; the largest difference was in usage of 21 personnel (14% compared to 7% NFL Avg). [27] In Dallas, Turner helped make RB Emmitt Smith & WR Michael Irvin Hall of Famers, and TE Jay Novacek a five time Pro Bowler. Turner did, however, enjoy a good amount of success as San Diego Chargers head coach from 2007-2012. Hes going to get a lot of work. Personnel Preferences: Personnel usage last year was mostly 11 and 12, using 12 higher than league average and 11 a little less. Play Caller/Tenure: Brian Daboll (Offensive Coordinator) - 3yrs w BUF; 7yrs as an OC. On pass plays, the pro set provided one or even two backs to help protect the quarterback. American football offense with a greater emphasis on passing than on running, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Football 101: Deep Shots with the Air Coryell Offense", "Shannhan, Tom. Players are schemed open/into space when they get the ball. Always looking for an edge, Jess has been ahead of the curve mining data and building customized spreadsheet rankings and projections while others showed up to draft day asking for a pencil and a cheat sheet. Scheme: Modified WCO scheme, lots of spread 11 personnel, pre-snap motion, Play Action, RPOs, and use of zone blocking in the run game. Scheme: Brady comes from the Sean Payton tree. And so Coryell began to implement an offensive scheme that focused more on the passing game than running the ball. After the Rams team dwindled, he never got another head coaching position. However, a few years after Coryell had been coaching the Chargers, Sports Illustrated did an article covering Bill Walshs offense with the San Francisco 49ers - which used a lot of shorter passing options with regularity - and referred to it as the West Coast offense. Mahomes, Hill, Kelce are all elites at their positions. 2018 Hilton led with 120 targets and Ebron right behind with 110 (Hines had 81 targets that year). However, in 2022, Vermeil earned induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame for his work as an NFL head coach. Additional Notes:The Jets are starting a rookie QB paired with a rookie Offensive Coordinator behind an offensive line that finished 4th worst in FO's Adjusted Sack Rate (albeit in a different offensive scheme). The OL returns just 2 starters, 1 free agent signing, and 2 backups from last year's roster. Play Caller/Tenure: Matt Nagy (HC) - 3yrs as Bears HC (play-caller for 2 did not call plays last year); 1yr previous OC experience at KC. The run game is mostly inside and outside zone with jet sweep action, but will also play Gap. Kenny Golladay got paid to be the #1 WRs and will be fed. This offense seems to fit what Russell Wilson wants to run and should benefit him and the receivers, who were starting to get shut down as 2020 went along because the scheme was too obvious by then. The top 4 WRs can all be good but will make any 1 hard to breakout. Personnel Preferences: 88% of offense was 11 (66%) or 12 (22%) personnel. 27 Jul Described as the "Greatest Show on Turf", the Mike Martz offense is easily the biggest story coming out of the Bears camp on the offensive side of the ball. Whoever emerges as the steady #2 WR could also have some fantasy relevance. Al Saunders was the former wide receiver coach under Don Coryell in San Diego, and he succeeded him as head coach of the Chargers in the middle of the 1986 season. Martz, a former Bears OC, had some less-than-charitable things to say about Justin Fields in August. From West Coast spacing concepts (likely learned during his time with Steve Mariucci) to Air Coryell vertical concepts (likely learned during his time with Mike Martz) to the route combinations . The skill positions had little turnover (Randall Cobb returns - trusted vet for Rodgers) and the group could be expected to produce similar numbers as last year. Personnel Preferences: The Giants went heavier than league average in the use of 12 and 13 personnel and below average with 11 personnel. Play Caller/Tenure: Anthony Lynn (OC) - 1. The Coryell offense attacked vertically through seams, while the West Coast offense moved laterally as much as vertically through angles on curl and slant routes. They used 1-WR formations (22 and 13 personnel) on 20% of their plays. Mike Martz - Wikipedia His offenses tend to include a strong offensive line, a strong running game, a #1 WR who can stretch the field and catch jump balls in the end-zone, a good receiving TE to attack the space the WRs create in the middle of the field and a FB who fills the role of a lead blocker and a final option as an outlet receiver. Texans traded for Anthony Miller and drafted Nico Collins. Henry Ruggs was asked to add strength during the offseason. The OL returns 3 starters, an upgrade at RG with Gabe Jackson, and a battle for starting center between two tenured players. Coaches have added their own touches, but it's still Coryell's offense. Nagy was above average in 19 using 21, 10, 02, & 01 personnel. Zone: Will check at the line/ run to the shade (Nose) side in a 4-3 front 5. The Patriots paid up for Jonnu Smith and Hunter Henry in free agency, reminding many of the days when they rolled out Gronk and Hernandez in creative fashion. Lastly, the Rams' receiving core was impressive, featuring 4 strong wide receivers: Hall of Fame WR Isaac Bruce, Torry Holt, Ricky Proehl and Az-Zahir Hakim. Selecting Texas RB Bijan Robinson at 26 could be a great pick for the Cowboys. Before Coryell, NFL teams generally used the pro set formation[3] in ball-control, grind-it-out-style offenses that used play-action fakes to set up deep passing attempts when defenses stacked up vs the running game. The passing game uses PA, pre-snap motion, and bunch formations. Only two Super Bowl teams have started the following season 0-5: a 1987 Giants team hindered by replacement players and these Rams. Scheme: The scheme is currently unknown. Martz helped the Rams establish a pass-first identity that would post an NFL record amount of . He is a current NFL analyst for Fox Sports with Ron Pitts. Jay Cutler: Chicago Bears' offense was inflexible under Mike Martz The Coryell offense introduced the concept of a tight end that ran wide receiver-type routes with Kellen Winslow in 1980. Besides Rivers, the Chargers featured a strong running game, starring Hall of Fame RB LaDainian Tomlinson. Gap/DUO scheme run game. Bears' TE target share from 2018 to 2020 went 18.1%, 12.2%, then 22.7% last year with Lazor at the controls. The offense relies on WRs that can get downfield (or to a spot) on most plays, or breaking off into the intermediate areas on others. Wide Receivers and Tight Ends were asked to run quick slants, shallow crossers, and quick curls or outs. Other branches of the E-P tree include Todd Haley, Mike McCoy, Brian Daboll (BUF), Nick Sirianni (PHI), and Tim Kelly (HOU). Jason Garretts roots are in the Air Coryell scheme, but what does that actually mean? Mike McCarthy Rips Ex-Cowboys Coordinator Kellen Moore Over Play Scheme: The offense could resemble the McVay/Shanahan offense. While that scheme is more dominant in college than the pros, the Patriots are essentially running a spread offense and they put up big numbers last season. Hines has been working on deeper routes this offseason. Mike Evans led the group with a 13.0 aDOT, followed by Godwins 10.1, and Browns 9.2. He also served as head coach of the Oakland Raiders from 2004-2005, but endured 2 more losing seasons. When Vermeil retired after Super Bowl XXXIV, Martz replaced him as head coach, starting in the 2000 season. The OL returns 4 starters and the 14. The TE position has been the leading receiver (Cook, Waller, Waller) each of the last 3 years. [34] The Coryell offense had lower completion percentages than the West Coast offense, but the returns were greater on a successful play. Additional Notes:Jalen Hurts and Miles Sanders should benefit in the run game while DeVonta Smith and the TEs should benefit in the passing game. Kenyan Drake was brought in to lessen the rushing load for Jacobs and be a passing game piece. By doing so, I will be able to create a scheme rating that will be displayed on our Player Rankings pages. Personnel Preferences: Kingsbury runs modified/evolving Air Raid passing concepts with Andy Reid run game concepts. Fouts primary two targets under Coryell were wide receiver Charlie Joiner and tight end Kellen Winslow, and in Coryells second season with the Chargers the team became the first AFC Western division champion to throw the ball more than they ran it. They were also above average in use of 21 and 22 personnel. Pass protection is critical to success because at least two of the five receivers will run a deep in, skinny post, comeback, speed out, or shallow cross. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. John Brown or Bryan Edwards to replace Agholor as the X receiver. The Air Coryell is named so because of Don Coryell, who became the first head coach to ever win over 100 games at both the college and professional level.

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