white lotus rebellion

The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. [CDATA[ Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the area of the boundary between Henan and Anhui was perpetually plagued by White Lotus revolts, the White Lotus rebels were frequently in league with the area's brigands and salt smugglers. The White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 In the deeply forested border area between the provinces Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, a lot of homeless "floating" people (liumin ) had gathered to escape the grip of landowners, creditors and tax collectors. [3] According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. White Lotus - Wikiwand Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History. What was the White Lotus rebellion and what did it do to the dynasty The young pretender, Wang Fa-sheng, was never any other than a puppet in the hands of the leaders. Where this rebellion took place and the Qing Empires reaction: At the same time, technologies for treating contagious diseases such as smallpox, and the extensive use of fertilizers and irrigation techniques were also imported from the West. [6], A systematic program of pacification followed in which the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages and organized into militia. . Corrections? The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. What started as a local rebellion grew into a serious political crisis, as the central government was no longer able to operate its military machine. Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. Then a turn of fortune and successive victories of the imperialists would almost annihilate their armies and crush all their hopes. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/White-Lotus-Rebellion, Ancient Origins - The White Lotus Society and the Demise of Mongol Rule in China, GlobalSecurity.org - White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804. [1] As White Lotus sects developed, they appealed to many Han Chinese who found solace in the worship of Wusheng Laomu . The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under Mongol rule. Matt, I think religion played an important rule in peasants' rebellion in ancient China. Chien-lung | Encyclopedia.com Szczepanski, Kallie. It had cost the lives of countless civilians and regular troops, including more than 400 high officers, and consumed more than 200 million liang /tael, which corresponded to four times the annual revenues of the state treasury. The Qings were from Manchuria, and they established their dynasty as a conquering force of the Ming dynasty by non-Chinese outsiders, maintaining that identity and organization throughout their 268-year reign. The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. A CHOICE OUTSTANDING ACADEMIC TITLE The White Lotus War (1796-1804) in central China marked the end of the Qing dynasty's golden age and the fatal weakening of the imperial system itself. What started as a local rebellion grew into a serious political crisis, as the central government was no longer able to operate its military machine. After 48 years, official Zeng Guofan studied and was inspired by the dynasty's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion while considering ways to defeat the Taiping movement. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. 3: China and Her National Minorities; Han. These three Atlantic RevolutionsAmerican, French, and Haitianwere part of a broader world crisis at the end of the eighteenth century. Social uprisings against the Qing began with the White Lotus uprising in 17961820. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White . There the foreign powers essentially controlled trade and the military, although technically they remained part of Qing China. [2][3], The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. In the period after about 1680 the introduction of corn (maize) and sweet potatoes, followed in the 18th century by the introduction of the Irish potato, made upland farming possible. White Lotus Rebellion | Detailed Pedia During the Qing dynasty, inventions continued to emerge despite the turbulent uprisings and conflicts such as the White Lotus Rebellion, the First Opium War, and the Taiping Rebellion. White Lotus Rebellion | Military Wiki | Fandom The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. White Lotus Rebellion Flashcards | Quizlet What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). The rebellion was started by some elements of the millenarian Tianli Sect () or Heavenly Principle Sect, which was a branch of the White Lotus Sect. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. ThoughtCo. In his opening speech, Satan vows never to "repent or change" (line 969696). The White Lotus continued to be active, and might have influence the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813.[6]. One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas found in the scriptures with orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. Chien-lung The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). The elites' self-proclaimed position as outsiders contributed to their eventual demise. "White Lotus Rebellion Updates? Find your perfect car with Edmunds expert reviews, car comparisons, and pricing tools. After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. White Lotus sectarianism appealed to other Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother, who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family. The Qing dynasty promoted itself as a conquering force, ruling China for 268 years before collapsing in 19111912. Update now. In the stockades they were organized into local militia defense corps. The French Revolution was now the French "rebellion" or "chaos," but in fact, the existence of leased territories and foreign concessions provided plenty of fuel and varying degrees of safety for radical opponents. "[5] Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Tibet has been an independent country throughout the historical period and since time immemorial according to Tibetans' own myth-based sense of, Xinjiang (shnjyng) or Sinkiang (shnjyng, snkyng) [Chinese,=new frontier], officially Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Mandarin Xinjiang U, For more information on Chinese history and culture, seeVol. In response, the Qing Empress Dowager Cixi clamped down hard on reformers. How did the Rebellion impact Qing society? 22 Feb. 2023 . One Qing response was to suppress the word "revolution" by banning it from their world-history textbooks. A decree from the Emperor Daoguang admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" Using the arrest of sectarian members as a threat, local officials and police extorted money from people. This Liu Chi-hieh set up a youth named Wang Fa-sheng, whom he represented to be a member of the Chu family and a descendant of the Ming emperors, as the rightful sovereign of the people. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Contents 1 Daze Village Uprising 2 Rebellion of the Seven States 3 Llin 4 Chimei 5 Yellow Turban Rebellion 6 Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion 7 An Shi Rebellion 8 Red Turban Rebellion 9 Li Zicheng's Rebellion 10 Revolt of the Three Feudatories "Reluctant guerrillas in early nineteenth century China: the White Lotus insurgents and their suppressors. The British under Queen Victoria were a huge market for Chinese teas, but the Qing refused to engage in trade negotiations, rather demanding that Britain pay for the tea in gold and silver. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. When Chinese peasants raised a huge anti-foreigner movement in 1900, called the Boxer Rebellion, they initially opposed both the Qing ruling family and the European powers (plus Japan). Bailianjiao (www.chinaknowledge.de) When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus members dedicated themselves to the overthrow of the alien Manchu and to the return of the previous Ming dynasty (13681644). By 1900, foreign powers including Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan had established "spheres of influence" along China's coastal areas. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan . An independent military force, the militia proved difficult to disband, and frequently it turned against the dynasty in the early 20th century. #ga-ad {display: none;} from Hubei and Shaanxi provs. As one Qing official complained:[9]. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. [6] The group forecast the advent of Maitreya, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming Dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers while promising the return of the Buddha.[7]. Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang named his period of reign "Hongwu" (thus he was known as the Hongwu Emperor) and founded a new dynasty the Ming dynasty. By the mid-19th century, the Qing dynasty had been in power for over a century, and the elites and many of their subjects felt they had a heavenly mandate to remain in power. Inventions The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. Sometimes whole provinces were subdued by them, and it looked as if their efforts were going to be successful, and Western China, if no other part, would remain theirs. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. In 1794, one instance of a derivative sect of the White Lotus, the Eight Trigrams arose in the form of underground meditation teachings and practice in Shandong province, not far from Beijing (Zhili) near the city of Linqing. The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. The ethnic Manchu rulers of China's Qing dynasty reigned over the Middle Kingdom beginning in 1644 CE, when they defeated the last of the Ming, up until 1912. Write in the blank the verb and tense indicated in parentheses. In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures used by the religious groups. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus. When the last Chinese dynastythe Qing dynastyfell in 19111912, it marked the end of the nation's incredibly long imperial history. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.scribd.com/doc/37359117/Bodycount-Final, http://books.google.com/books?id=Md801mHEeOkC&pg=PA9, History of Chinese Culture on History.com. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

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