which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? This was a positive punisher that did not have to be learned, and definitely not one of my finer moments in life. a. equifinality b. eclectic integration c. multifinality d. timing. a. gestalt theorist b. psychodynamic theorist c. existential theorist d. evolutionary theorist. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: a. social labels and roles. Once free, the cat was allowed to eat some food before being promptly returned to the box. The cognitive model made up for an apparent deficit in the behavioral model overlooking the role cognitive processes play in our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A biological theorist studies a psychological disorder through the interconnectivity of an entire network of brain structures. This is an example of: a. shaping. The medical model of mental illness treats mental disorders in the same way as a broken arm, i.e., there is thought to be a physical cause.. Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. Females are at higher risk for developing an anxiety disorder than men. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. First, consider the list of side effects given for psychotropic medications. Gender plays an important, though at times, unclear role in mental illness. Nikolai runs past, grabs some of the cookies, and runs away. b. secondary prevention. 2.3.4.1. Another option to treat mental disorders is to perform brain surgeries. b. According to your reading on abnormal psychology, which term is defined as "the inability to perform in one or more important areas of functioning" and is a consideration in identifying the presence of a mental disorder? Since your Italian professor did not provide a study guide, you didnt study for the midterm. Finally, the sociocultural model indicated the role of socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors on abnormal behavior. 51. The major multidimensional model that is useful in understanding the causes of mental disorders is usually called the biopsychosocial model (BPS). 2.3.1.3. We see this in the case of reflexes. c. deep brain stimulation. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego. 25. c. psychodynamic. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . Electroconvulsive therapy. 33. d. damage control. d. indicator of psychological conflict. Then, Jones gave the child some pleasant food (i.e., something sweet such as cookies [Panel C]; remember the response to the food is unlearned, i.e., Panel A). Couples treated by couple therapy seem to show greater improvement than couples who do not receive treatment. Within the context of psychopathology, the behavioral perspective is useful because explains maladaptive behavior in terms of learning gone awry. The biopsychosocial model (BPS) was first proposed by George L. Engel and Jon Romano of the University of Rochester in 1977. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. b. d. classical conditioning. What is it? You have likely heard about Pavlov and his dogs, but what you may not know is that this was a discovery made accidentally. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? b. increase feelings of gratitude and decrease feelings of fear. c. paradigms. c. operant conditioning. Other examples will be discussed throughout this book. Rogers said that all people want to have positive regard from significant others in their life. a. existential b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. behavior-focused, 139. 127. The cat could escape the box and reach the food by manipulating a series of levers. 154. The persons true intentions or thoughts and feelings are not readily available to us, or are covert, and do not make for useful empirical data. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. In the business setting, a model or trainer demonstrates how to use a computer program or run a register for a new employee. The contents of the unconscious could move from the unconscious to preconscious, but to do so, it had to pass a Gate Keeper. Its popularity has declined since the 1960s and 1970s. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely to be practicing: In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as which of the following? For example, some women may experience symptoms of mental disorders at times of hormone change, such as perinatal depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and perimenopause-related depression. Im here for you. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. d. try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts. Consider a rat trained to push a lever to receive a food pellet. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? c. operant conditioning. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. Operant conditioning is a type of associate learning which focuses on consequences that follow a response or behavior that we make (anything we do, say, or think/feel) and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur. b. the libido. The following Content Outline provides an overview of the history of understanding psychological disorders, followed by a summary of the major theoretical models used to explain them. "That's all right. This is known as We may think so, but a review of the evidence for and against this statement will show that it does not and reduce how threatening it seems. The important thing to understand is that not all behaviors occur due to reinforcement and punishment as operant conditioning says. 131. ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. c. gestalt therapy. This therapy is BEST described as: a. relational psychoanalytic therapy. d. conditions of worth. c. existential. b. behavioral-focused d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. a. cognitive-behavioral b. psychodynamic c. sociocultural d. humanistic-existential, 8. Which theorist would be MOST likely to advocate use of skillful frustration as a part of therapy? Continuous or partial? 19. Bertha, known in published case studies as Anna O., was expected to complete the formal education typical of upper-middle-class girls, which included foreign language, religion, horseback riding, needlepoint, and piano. 134. This approach stresses the need for people to re-create themselves continually and be self-aware, acknowledges that anxiety is a normal part of life, focuses on free will and self-determination, emphasizes that each person has a unique identity known only through relationships and the search for meaning, and finally, that we develop to our maximum potential. d. cognitive-behavioral. As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. Albert Bandura conducted pivotal research on observational learning, and you likely already know all about it. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the client's family structure, societal norms, and the client's roles in society. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: Nikolai's grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. Behaviorally test your thought. d. They are the brains attempts to understand abnormal electrical activity. If it receives sufficient stimulation, causing the polarity inside the neuron to rise from -70 mV to -55mV (. They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for survival. a. Perls. Armed with this stunning revelation, Pavlov spent the rest of his career investigating the learning phenomenon. When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e., throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. d. Freud. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: a. genetic make-up. Is there merit to this view? Humans have several of these reflexes, though not as many as other animals due to our more complicated nervous system. Hormones are important to psychologists because they manage the nervous system and body tissues at certain stages of development and activate behaviors such as alertness or sleepiness, sexual behavior, concentration, aggressiveness, reaction to stress, and a desire for companionship. Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. Influenza epidemics, caused by viral infections (for more on influenza, please see the following: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719), have also been linked to schizophrenia (Brown et al., 2004; McGrath and Castle, 1995; McGrath et al., 1994; Ocallaghan et al., 1991) though more recent research suggests this evidence is weak at best (Selten & Termorshuizen, 2017; Ebert & Kotler, 2005). 162. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? 83. The earlier that treatment begins, the more effective it can be., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health/index.shtml, In relation to women: Some disorders are more common in women such as depression and anxiety. The next morning, researchers placed a hungry cat in the puzzle box and set a small amount of food outside the box, just close enough to be smelled. Her symptoms appeared as she cared for her dying father, and her mother called on Breuer to diagnosis her condition (note that Freud never actually treated her). This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? c. illogical thinking. Psychology Today published a great article on January 21, 2013, which described four ways to change your thinking through cognitive restructuring. b. humanistic-existential. d. libido. The peripheral nervous system consists of everything outside the brain and spinal cord. What are the three parts of personality according to Freud? To truly understand brain structure and chemistry, it is a good idea to understand how communication occurs within the nervous system. In the classroom, we might use modeling to demonstrate to a student how to do a math problem. Males have X and Y chromosomes while females have two Xs. For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. Clarify how specific areas of the brain are involved in mental illness. b. 2.2.3.2. Right before his death, Skinner (1990) reminded psychologists that the only thing we can truly know and study was the observable. How so? The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, and the soma is the cell body. B) chemical imbalances and brain damage. Exemplify the effect of maladaptive cognitions on creating abnormal behavior. d. use conscious thought as a means to decrease physiological signs of anxiety. Describe the role of bacterial and viral infections in mental illness. Individuals who are in a long-term relationship. 54. Trauma, stress, and other extreme stressors are predictive of depression. Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socioeconomic background. b. psychoanalysis. 132. c. ego. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. d. disengaged. a. short-term psychodynamic therapy b. psychoanalysis c. traditional psychodynamic therapy d. relational psychoanalytic therapy. Evaluate the usefulness of the cognitive model. Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? c. take responsibility for harmful behavioral patterns. The development of personality. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: a. denial. Another respondent conditioning way to unlearn a fear is called flooding or exposing the person to the maximum level of stimulus and as nothing aversive occurs, the link between CS and UCS producing the CR of fear should break, leaving the person unafraid. The structure of personality. Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: a. current thinking in the mental health profession. c. sociocultural b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. 49. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of: a. modeling. Hmm. Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? They all attempt to explain the causes and treatments for all psychological illnesses, and all from a different approach. This represents the psychodynamic models _____ assumption. Obviously then, with partial, a response continues being made for a while. a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic, 7. In the case of men. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm?
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